Reti concludes that Debussy's achievement was the synthesis of monophonic based "melodic tonality" with harmonies, albeit different from those of "harmonic tonality". He wrote incidental music for King Lear and planned an opera based on As You Like It, but abandoned that once he turned his attention to setting Maeterlinck's play. He was for the most part enthusiastic about Richard Strauss[137] and Stravinsky, respectful of Mozart and was in awe of Bach, whom he called the "good God of music" ("le Bon Dieu de la musique"). His mother was a seamstress. [134], A contemporary influence was Erik Satie, according to Nichols Debussy's "most faithful friend" amongst French musicians. Achille-Claude Debussy (22nd August 1862 – 25th March 1918) was a French composer. [36], A week after his return to Paris in 1887, Debussy heard the first act of Wagner's Tristan und Isolde at the Concerts Lamoureux, and judged it "decidedly the finest thing I know". [34] Although Debussy's works showed the influence of Jules Massenet, the latter concluded, "He is an enigma. Debussy was addressed by various permutations of his names during the course of his life. [107] The Études (1915) for piano have divided opinion. [2], Le Martyre de saint Sébastien (1911), originally a five-act musical play to a text by Gabriele D'Annunzio that took nearly five hours in performance, was not a success, and the music is now more often heard in a concert (or studio) adaptation with narrator, or as an orchestral suite of "Fragments symphoniques". [2][9] The shop was unsuccessful, and closed in 1864; the family moved to Paris, first living with Victorine's mother, in Clichy, and, from 1868, in their own apartment in the Rue Saint-Honoré. Marmontel said of him "A charming child, a truly artistic temperament; much can be expected of him". Nationality. The interview was published in, Notes to Warner Classics CD 190295642952 (2018), style of late 19th-century French painting, "An introduction to the solo piano music of Debussy and Ravel", "From L'aprés-midi d'un faune to Pelléas", "Maeterlinck's Mistress Assumed She Was Going to Sing Melisande. Programs . Manuel worked in a printing factory. [100] The composer Olivier Messiaen was fascinated by its "extraordinary harmonic qualities and ... transparent instrumental texture". [64] The vocal score was published in early May, and the full orchestral score in 1904. [104] The former follows the tripartite form established in the Nocturnes and La mer, but differs in employing traditional British and French folk tunes, and in making the central movement, "Ibéria", far longer than the outer ones, and subdividing it into three parts, all inspired by scenes from Spanish life. Lesure comments that they range from the frolics of minstrels at Eastbourne in 1905 and the American acrobat "General Lavine" "to dead leaves and the sounds and scents of the evening air". Debussy was there from January 1885 to March 1887, with three or possibly four absences of several weeks when he returned to France, chiefly to see Marie Vasnier. [27] She was the wife of Henri Vasnier, a prominent civil servant, and much younger than her husband. [17] Another teacher was less impressed: Émile Durand wrote in a report "Debussy would be an excellent pupil if he were less sketchy and less cavalier." Claude Debussy Soundtrack | Rise of the Planet of the Apes Claude Debussy was born in St. Germain-en-Laye, near Paris, France. So, in 1915, Debussy attempted to undergo surgery in order to cure it; after a painful procedure, Debussy found that he was feeling no better and he continued to live in pain. [93] The central "Jeux de vagues" section has the function of a symphonic development section leading into the final "Dialogue du vent et de la mer", "a powerful essay in orchestral colour and sonority" (Orledge) which reworks themes from the first movement. [160] Others have made orchestrations of some of the piano and vocal works, including John Adams's version of four of the Baudelaire songs (Le Livre de Baudelaire, 1994), Robin Holloway's of En blanc et noir (2002), and Colin Matthews's of both books of Préludes (2001–2006). [59] He later collected his criticisms with a view to their publication as a book; it was published after his death as Monsieur Croche, Antidilettante. Because of the bombings surrounding the city Debussy was required to be buried in a temporary graveyard until the fighting calmed. Lesure writes, "The development of free verse in poetry and the disappearance of the subject or model in painting influenced him to think about issues of musical form. [157], Among contemporary composers George Benjamin has described Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune as “the definition of perfection”;[158] he has conducted Pelléas et Mélisande[159] and the critic Rupert Christiansen detects the influence of the work in Benjamin's opera Written on Skin (2012). [165], In more recent times Debussy's output has been extensively recorded. It was said that he was highly superstitious and that he dreaded the number 13, and on July 13th, when he was 76 years old (7+6=13) he lay in bed extremely depressed and fearful, so much so that his fear eventually killed him. Jean-Aubry, Georges. She is described in the. Throughout his career he wrote mélodies based on a wide variety of poetry, including his own. As World War I continued to wage on, the Debussy family found themselves surrounded by fighting. "[87] During the next few years Debussy developed his personal style, without, at this stage, breaking sharply away from French musical traditions. Ethnicity. Debussy's body was reinterred the following year in the small Passy Cemetery sequestered behind the Trocadéro, fulfilling his wish to rest "among the trees and the birds"; his wife and daughter are buried with him. Debussy enlisted the help of André Caplet in orchestrating and arranging the score. Debussy adored his daughter Claude-Emma, born in 1905 while he and Emma Bardac lived at 80 Avenue Bois de Boulonge. He first joined the piano class of Antoine François Marmontel,[14] and studied solfège with Albert Lavignac and, later, composition with Ernest Guiraud, harmony with Émile Durand, and organ with César Franck. [105] The latter failed as a ballet because of what Jann Pasler describes as a banal scenario, and the score was neglected for some years. [2][87][96] Newman considered it "completely original in idea, absolutely personal in style, and logical and coherent from first to last, without a superfluous bar or even a superfluous note";[87] Pierre Boulez observed, "Modern music was awakened by Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune". Maeterlinck wanted his mistress, Georgette Leblanc, to sing the role, and was incensed when she was passed over in favour of the Scottish soprano Mary Garden. He responded positively to Wagner's sensuousness, mastery of form, and striking harmonies,[2] and was briefly influenced by them,[37] but, unlike some other French composers of his generation, he concluded that there was no future in attempting to adopt and develop Wagner's style. He was born in Saint-Germain-En-Laye,France and was the eldest of five siblings.However on March 25,1918 Claude pasted away at the age of 55 in Paris from colon cancer, some question that Cluade might have commited suicide because he could no longer bare the pain.Behind he left one wife, a ex wife and one child. The analyst Richard Langham Smith writes that Impressionism was originally a term coined to describe a style of late 19th-century French painting, typically scenes suffused with reflected light in which the emphasis is on the overall impression rather than outline or clarity of detail, as in works by Monet, Pissarro, Renoir and others. Male. Military service: French Army. [100] The opera is composed in what Alan Blyth describes as a sustained and heightened recitative style, with "sensuous, intimate" vocal lines. Saint-Saëns had been a member of the Institut since 1881: Debussy never became one. His father was a salesman and kept a china shop. 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