Metaphor – A type of figure of speech, a metaphor is an implied comparison between two unrelated things, without using “like” or “as” to signal the relationship. Writers can use many different literary, but here are 20 common literary terms. John Dashwood did not at all approve of what her husband intended to do for his sisters. Literary devices are various elements and techniques used in writing that construct the whole of your literature to create an intended perception of the writing for the reader. For example, in “Give him what for” the last two words are an adverb and an adjective used together as a noun. If you save up, you should come in some day and buy a chair. Flash-forwards are rare, but are sometimes used to distance the readers from the characters. Red Herring – A false direction or misleading clue. Mark Twain employed this technique in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: “[They] covered themselves with dust and glory.” See Zeugma. Charles Dickens begins A Tale of Two Cities with a following isocolon, “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair…” Also, the following Julius Caesar quote is an effective isocolon, “I cam; I saw; I conquered.” The rhythm and balance that an isocolon brings to an idea makes this device particularly effective in persuasive writing, such as political discourse or aphorisms in literature. Usually a word or phrase in one remark is taken up by the next speaker and used in a new sense, often as an antithesis or counterpoint. Alliteration. Show More. SO I won’t mention the Double Comfort Furniture Shop, which is one of the businesses my fiance owns, you know. The TV show, Lost, also uses flash-forward effectively to explain what happens to the characters after they leave the island. A lion, for example, is a concrete idea since it may be perceived with human senses. Examples of Anaphora in Literature. Obviously, the tree is not a … Enter common literary devices, literary elements and literary techniques. . This technique is often used in detective fiction, usually by the character tasked with solving the mystery. If the main character is intelligent but physically frail, the foil can be a brawny dimwit. Literary devices are like the dressing, cheese, and croutons that make a salad so delectable. 2. A literary device is any narrative technique applied with some degree of conscious care and skill to elevate the expression of writing. Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Raymond Carver, famous for writing short stories, has illustrated the example of Catalog poetry through this poem. An example of double entendre is found in the title of the story To Serve Man by Damon Knight. Includes definition and example for each device. Lloyd Bernsten employed this technique during his vice-presidential debate against Dan Quayle, saying, “Senator, I served with Jack Kennedy; I knew Jack Kennedy; Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. Parody – This literary device refers to the humorous imitation of a literary work and that exaggerates or distorts the characteristic features of the original. Also known as Adage, Apothegm, Maxim, or Proverb. Synathroesmus – The use of multiple words with different meanings in order to produce a vehement effect. For example, the morning dew coated the grass. Literature is a very fun course to undertake and there are some practices one should undertake to ensure that they are able to write marvelous works of art. An allegory is a device used to represent an idea, principle or meaning, which can be presented in literary form, such as a poem or novel; or in a visual form such as a painting or drawing. Leitmotif (LAHYT-moh-teef) – A repeated  phrase, image, symbol, or situation that indicates or supports a theme. See Enallage. When you have a double genitive problem (e.g., my brother’s wife’s dog), you can either rewrite the sentence or use a combination of the two genitives (e.g., the dog of my brother’s wife). Flash-forward – A type of Anachrony, a flash-forward refers to an interruption of the chronological sequence of events by interjection of events or scenes of later occurrence. But they’re not the only ones who benefit—literary devices and techniques can also make the reading experience more fun and fulfilling. Christian is from the City of Destruction (the world) and is seeking the Celestial City (heaven). See Irony. Senator, you’re no Jack Kennedy.” The purpose of this device is to emphasize an important point or concept by creating pleasurable and memorable rhythm. But most nonfiction doesn’t need literary devices to be effective. There are many styles of literary devices, each serving a different purpose. Cadence – This literary device refers to a the falling and rising rhythmic pattern of prose. For example, “boots” for “soldiers” or “hands” for “manual laborers.”, Synesthesia (sin-uhs-THEE-zhuh) – This literary device refers to the production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body. But this is just the tip of the iceberg. This graveyard hints at the family’s fate. Sibilance – A type of alliteration, and more specifically a type of consonance, this literary device refers to the repetition of similar hissing sounds, such as -s in this and in some cases -ch, -sh, -z, and -zh. In There’s Something About Mary by Jonathan Richman, the audience knows that the police are going to interrogate Ted about a murder, but he thinks they are questioning him about a hitchhiker he picked up. Irony, unlike sarcasm, tends to be ambiguous, bringing two contrasting meanings into play. This device is often found in memoir, fiction, and poetry. << /Length 4 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> The use of ambiguity can create a richer, deeper reading experience and make multiple readings and textual analysis more enjoyable. But do you know the store, Mma? A metaphor is a statement in which two objects, often unrelated, are compared to each other. Enallage – The use of one grammatical part of speech as if it were another. alliteration | see definition » ... A literary technique that involves interruption of the chronological sequence of events by interjection of events or scenes of earlier occurrence : flashback. Allusion — Literary Device Examples. Constrained Writing – This literary device refers to conditions placed upon the author that forbids her from certain things or imposes a pattern. The effect of this device slows down the pace of the passage. The means of egress employed by the murderers.” This device is also called Rhetorical Question, Antipopohora, or Rogatio. They might do so by appealing to the senses, drawing comparisons, or highlighting patterns. Contrast Concrete Diction. Polyptoton – This is a stylistic scheme in which words with same root word are repeated in various forms such as in a different tense. Common Types of Literary Devices in Writing. Scarcity and want shall shun you, Ceres’ blessing so is on you.” For a detailed description, see Epistrophe. Mesodiplosis (mes-oh-di-PLOH-sis) – This literary device repeats a word or phrase at the middle of every clause. Periodic Sentence – See Left-Branching Sentence. Fortunato’s jovial appearance, therefore, is another example of irony. First, as a literary device, prolepsis refers to an interruption of the chronological sequence of events by interjection of events or scenes of future occurrence. Paradox – This literary device refers to a phrase that describes an idea composes of concepts that conflict. For example, “He is a cruel, selfish, worthless, terrible human being!”, Synecdoche (si-NEK-duh-kee) – This literary device refers to a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for the part. List of Rhetorical Devices and Examples. Anagram – This literary device refers to a form of word play in which the letters of a word or phrase are rearranged to form a new word or phrase. The second plot mirrors the first. Let’s examine the essential literary devices in poetry, with examples. Literary devices are techniques used by writers to create a pointed effect in their writing and to help readers understand a text on a deeper level. The technique is common in epic literature, where conventionally the poet would devise long lists of famous princes, aristocrats, warriors, and mythic heroes to be lined up in battle and slaughtered. What literary device is this an example of? Apophasis is not used literally, but instead draws its meaning from the relationship between the two speakers. Il primo è stato di gran lunga il più comune: l'enunciazione è lineare è relativamente semplice in confronto al ric e gli " espedienti" letterari sono meno comuni rispetto a quelli del clus. Left-Branching Sentence – A left-branching sentence is one in which the grammatical completeness is delayed until the end of the sentence. The fruit of your womb will be cursed, and the crops of your land, and the calves of your herds and the lambs of your flocks. Understatement – Understatement is a literary device whereby the author understates or represents in weak manner the full force of a truth. For a detailed description, see Flashback. This is usually a mistake, such as an author writing a period piece and accidentally using language that’s too modern. Anachrony (uh-NAK-ruh-nee) – This literary device refers to a discrepancy between the order of events in the story and the order in which they are presented in the plot. This device also rewards careful readers and heightens their interest throughout the story. Adynaton (uh-DIN-uh-ton) – A Figure of Speech related to Hyperbole that uses heightened exaggeration to express impossibility. An example from Ulysses by Lord Alfred Tennyson includes the following lines: “Though much is taken, much abides; and though/We are not now that strength which in old days/Moved earth and heaven; that which we are, we are;/One equal temper of heroic hearts/Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will/To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.” See Antisagoge. Those secret tastes, defeated in the past by oranges and rhubarb, broke out into an irrepressible urge when she began to weep.”, Hendiadys (hen-DAHY-uh-dis) – This literary device expresses a single idea by means of two nouns joined by the conjunction “and” rather than by a noun qualified by an adjective. Diacope – This literary device consists of the repetition of a word or phrase with only one or two intervening words. The interaction of these characters, things, and events is meant to reveal an A literary device is a tool used by writers to hint at larger themes, ideas, and meaning in a story or piece of writing. Anadiplosis (an-uh-di-PLOH-sis) – This literary device refers to the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of one clause or sentence and at the beginning of the next. Amphiboly – A type of ambiguity, amphiboly refers to a statement that is ambiguous either by grammatical looseness or by double meaning. Find full texts with expert analysis in our extensive library. Also called Interior Monologue. Also called Anastrophe. Some operate at the sentence level, while others serve the piece of writing as a whole. Organic Imagery (or Subjective Imagery) – This literary device refers to descriptive imagery that pertains to personal experience of a character’s body, including emotion and the senses of hunger, thirst, fatigue, and pain. Metaphor. What shall we first seek here? Each section has literary devices examples, exercises, and an analysis of its role in literature. Rhythm is an important element of verse. Epanalepsis (ep-uh-nuh-LEP-sis) – This literary device refers to the repetition of the initial word or phrase of a clause or sentence and the end of that same clause or sentence. Stichomythia (stik-uh-MITH-ee-uh) – This literary device refers to a dialogue of alternate single lines. The genealogical lists in the Bible and the lists of heroes in epics such as Homer’s Iliad are types of catalog verse, as are more modern poems An example from The Passion of Saints Sergius and Bacchus is found in the following lines: “For your gods are not gods but man-made idols.”. Also called Palilogia. Such verse exists in almost all literatures and is of ancient origin. Extended Metaphor – This literary device refers to a Metaphor developed and sustained throughout all or part of a story. Onomatopoeia (on-uh-mat-uh-PEE-uh) – This literary device refers to the formation of a words that imitate natural sounds, such as “boom”, “buzz”, or “hiss”. Examples of cosmic irony are found throughout Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, especially in the fate of the main character as he marries his mother even after trying so hard to avoid this fate. One famous example is found in Marcel Proust’s Remembrance of Things Past in which anamnesis is brought about by the taste of a madeleine. The following example is from Beauty and Beauty by Rupert Brook: “The earth is crying-sweet,/And scattering-bright the air,/Eddying, dizzying, closing round,/With soft and drunken laughter…”, Assonance – A type of Alliteration, this literary device refers to the repetition of similar vowel sounds. The foil is a structural-level literary device in which a supporting character forms a striking contrast to the main character. Elegant Variation – This literary device refers to the use of synonyms to denote the same thing in order to avoid repetition. NehaIsBetterNYou . Paradiastole – A type of litotes where the force and tone of a description is deliberately weakened. While there are literally hundreds of literary devices at an author's disposal, what follows are a handful of the most common. Dramatic irony is a very common literary device used in Romeo and Juliet, an example is “Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn,” (Shakespeare 3.5.127). A literary device is any narrative technique applied with some degree of conscious care and skill to elevate the expression of writing. Common Types of Literary Devices in Writing. In John Dunne’s Holy Sonnet 10, the speaker addresses Death as though it is a living being: “Death, be not proud, though some have called thee/Mighty and dreadful, for thou are not so;/For those whom thou think’st thou dost overthrow/Die not, poor Death, nor yet canst thou kill me.”. This device speeds up the pace of a passage. Bush, with the help of his speechwriter, Peggy Noonan, employed this technique when he said, “My opponent now says he’ll raise [taxes] as a last resort or third resort, but when a politician talks like that, you know that’s one resort he’ll be checking in to.”. Many literary devices, such as … 2 0 obj Throughout the show, the father, Ted, tells his teenage children stories about his past that led to his meeting their mother. Example of metaphor: This tree is the god of the forest. Print Literary Devices: Definition & Examples Worksheet 1. Jane Austen is one of the first originators of this technique. For a detailed description, see Neologism. Thesis – The idea or statement to be demonstrated in an argument. ” Anachronism. Whereas in synecdoche, a part is substituted for a whole (“hand” for “manual laborers”), in metonymy, any mere association may replace the whole (“ride” for “car”). In Moby Dick, Herman Melville devotes entire chapters to excursus to discuss various topics, including whaling. A soliloquy (pronounced suh-lil-uh-kwee), a literary device used in drama, is a speech that reveals a character's internal thoughts, motivations, or plans. Question: What literary device does the Rodgers and Hammerstein song “Do I love you because you’re beautiful? Some super sentences supply stunning samples of alliteration, such as this one. See Syllepsis. Spenser’s “Epithalamion” includes examples of blazon: “Her goodly eyes like sapphires shining bright, / Her forehead ivory white …” IV. Repetition – One of the most common literary devices, repetition is the restatement of an idea or reuse of sounds, words, phrases, sentences, images, and syntax. Note above the catalogue of gifts Odysseus, in the disguise of the son of King Apheidas, says he gave to Odysseus during a visit, and note the catalogue of trees that Odysseus uses to identify himself. Lady Capulet is clueless about Juliet’s marriage to Romeo, causing quite a problem throughout this piece of work, making the audience even more intrigued by the oblivious characters. This phrase can mean either to work for the good of others or to prepare humans as food. This technique often produces a humorous, satirical tone and may come in the form of sarcasm or irony. It can also refer to the use of a proper name used to express a general idea. Anamnesis (an-am-NEE-sis) – This literary device refers to reminiscences of actual events instead of the expression of an idea or feeling. 1. An example from Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is found in the following lines: “Let the whitefolks have their money and power and segregation and sarcasm and big houses and schools and lawns like carpets, and books, and mostly–mostly–let them have their whiteness.”. Compensatio – This literary device refers to neutralizing the affect by joining two contrasting words together. Glossary of Common Literary Terms Allegory: an allegory is a narrative in which the characters often stand for abstract concepts. Catastrophe Catastrophe is a final resolution that appears in a narrative plot or a long poem. The purpose of this device is to pronounce an actual or attributed quality of a subject and to avoid undesired repetition of the subject’s name. One of the more well-known examples comes from Jesus when he says, “Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God” (Matthew 19:24). Rhythm  – In general, rhythm refers to the movement or sense of movement of words communicated by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables and by the duration of these syllables. Literary Devices Examples . It increased my fury, as the beating of a drum stimulates the soldier into courage.”. An excerpt appears below: The pure contralto sings in the organ loft, The carpenter dresses his plank, the tongue of his foreplane whistles its wild ascending lisp, . These techniques can give the reader a greater understanding and meaning of the writers intent. For example, in As You Like It, William Shakespeare creates the metaphor that “All the world is a stage”. Many of the stories by Franz Kafka included parables or were in their entirety parables. The following example from The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe demonstrates the use of smooth cadence in the first, third, and fourth lines and a harsher cadence in the second, fifth, and sixth lines: “Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,/Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,/While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,/As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door./”Tis some visitor,’ I muttered, ‘tapping at my chamber door-/Only this, and nothing more.'”. ‘It’s not polite to talk about it. Examples of abstract diction include “truth,” “justice,” and “integrity.” Both abstract and concrete diction are often used together in similes and metaphors wherein an abstract idea is compared to a concrete one in order to help readers understand the abstract idea better. I must not talk about that. Prolepsis (proh-LEP-sis) – Prolepsis carries two meanings. To take three thousand pounds from the fortune of their dear little boy, would be impoverishing him to the most dreadful degree. Metonymy is similar to synecdoche except that it is a bit broader. Anacoluthon (an-uh-kuh-LOO-thon) – This literary device refers to a sentence construction that includes a break in the grammatical sequence that leaves the initial sentence unfinished, as in the following: “We’re watching a funny–the movie made us laugh.” Anacoluthons are most often used in dialogue and my be used to indicate nervousness, excitement, or confusion in a character. Double Entendre – This literary device refers to a Pun in which a word or phrase has a second meaning, often a sexual one. This misunderstanding leads to a humorous situation in which Ted utters the lines, “I’ve done it several times before,” and “It’s no big deal.” See Irony. Example: “This list of literary devices will turn me into a bona fide Mark Twain. It is used to express an often negative emotion. When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept. See Subplot. Epiphora (ih-PIF-er-uh) – This literary device refers to the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses or sentences. Adjunctio – This Latin term means “an addition” and refers to grouping dissimilar nouns with the same verb. Although these vignettes are not presented chronologically, there is a good reason for the order in which they are presented. MACBETH. Literary Devices in Poems with Examples, CBSE Class 9 Beehive book Explanation and List of Common Literary Devices in Poems. An example of this is “judge and judged” and “going, going, gone”. Second, as a rhetorical device, prolepsis refers to the act of raising your opponent’s objection preemptively in order to dispose of it on your terms. Figure of Speech – This literary device refers to any expression in which words are used other than in their literal sense in order to suggest a picture or image or other special effect. The TV show, Lost, uses flashback to describe the lives of the characters before they became stranded on the island. The use of epithets or appellatives may be used as elegant variation to reduce the repetition of names. Examples of Literary Devices Example 1. Parable – This literary device refers to a brief tale intended to be understood as an allegory illustrating some lesson or moral. Examples include “fire-water” for “whiskey” and “the beast with two backs” for “sex”. This verbal parrying enunciates conflict between characters and as a result builds tension but also may be used to set up humorous situations. Alexander McCall Smith uses apophasis in Blue Shoes and Happiness in the following lines: “‘Ssh,’ said Grace Makutsi, putting a finger to her lips. This helps the readers to connect with the work on a deeper, more intimate level. This will also prevent you from overusing the same literary devices in your … Antonomasia (an-tuh-nuh-MEY-zhuh) – This Metonymy refers to the use of an Epithet or appellative in place of a proper name. For example, in Edgar Allan Poe’s The Imp of the Perverse, Poe spends the first half of the story discussing his theory on perverseness before he moves into the story. For example, they downed the wine without even tasting it. The first was by far the most common: the wording is straightforward and relatively simple compared to the ric and literary devices are less common than in the clus. Ploce (PLOH-see) – This literary device refers to the repetition of a word or phrase with one or two intervening words. An example of alliterative f sounds appear in The Assignation, wherein Edgar Allan Poe writes, “…flaring and flickering tongues of emerald and violet fire.” A writer may use alliteration for the following reasons: 1) to create a particular mood (in The Fall of the House of Usher, Edgar Allan Poe uses d and l sounds in the opening sentence, “During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day…” in order to slow down the pace and create a melancholy tone); 2) to call attention to the passage (alliteration calls attention to itself, signaling to the reader the importance of the passage); and 3) to create a pleasing sound. For example, “Truth insists I tell the story”. It is considered to be the opposite of assonance. This descriptive and figurative language creates an impression of a person, place, or thing through the use of the above-referenced senses. In The Tell-Tale Heart, Poe’s paranoid narrator states, “I heard all things in heaven and in the earth.” Another example appears in Jonathan Swift’s political satire, Gulliver’s Travels: “I have had a sirloin so large, that I have been forced to make three bites of it.”. %PDF-1.3 This helps the readers to connect with the work on a deeper, more intimate level. Palilogia (PAL-il-o-gia) – The repetition of a word or phrase with no words in between. Pathetic Fallacy – A type of personification, this literary device refers to a poetic convention by which nature is used to reflect the emotions that characters are experiencing. Nonce Word – This literary device refers to a word or phrase newly invented or newly introduced into a language. An effective example includes the following from Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad: “The horror, the horror.” Here, the repetition creates a haunting echo effect that heightens the emotional response among readers. Functionally-shifting words include attributive nouns and noun-to-verbs. Hypotaxis (hahy-puh-TAK-sis) – This literary device refers to the use of conjunctive words between sentences, clauses, or phrases. Don't yell at me for mistakes. Use of personification helps us understand the world in human terms. The unreliable narrator is an old literary trope, but Poe gives the device a twist. These devices are applied frequently in the works of great literature, employed by master stylists, such as William Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, Jane Austen, and many more. These devices allow the poet to present it in a new way and a delightful surprise to the readers. Poetic devices are used by good writers in all professions, from novelists, to journalists, to advertisers. Dissonance – This literary device refers to the intentional use of harsh-sounding words to interrupt the rhythm or flow of text. The purpose of this device is to emphasize a series of things, cause a hypnotic effect, and give a biblical pronouncement that creates a sense of truthfulness behind the passage. The purpose of this device is to use familiar imagery to help describe unfamiliar things. Epanados – This literary device refers to the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning and middle or at the middle and end of a sentence. An example of auditory imagery is found in the description of the rider’s horse and the weather in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost: “He gives his harness bells a shake/To ask if there is some mistake./The only other sound’s the sweep/Of easy wind and downy flake.”. Truth be told, alliteration has benefited us from an early age, even before we could read. 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